Intravitreal Injections: Understanding the Procedure and Uses

Intravitreal injections have emerged as a powerful solution to fight vision loss. These injections deliver medications directly into the eye. It is one of the preferred types of treatment for patients suffering from serious conditions such as macular degeneration,  diabetic retinopathy etc. 

What are Intravitreal Injections?

Intravitreal injections are medical procedures in which medication is delivered straight into the vitreous cavity of the eye, which is filled with gel-like fluid. This method allows for high concentrations of drugs to reach the retina, the thin layer of tissue located at the back of the eye. It provides targeted and quick treatment for various eye conditions. 

The injections are often administered by a retina specialist and should be performed in a doctor’s office. Before the procedure, the eye is usually numbed with anaesthetic drops to minimise discomfort. The area around the eye is then cleaned to prevent infection. The injection itself is quick and takes only a few minutes. Patients may feel a slight pressure. There may be little to no pain.

This approach allows medications to work directly where they are needed most. Many individuals in India find intravitreal injections a vital option when traditional treatments aren’t enough. 

Uses of Intravitreal Injections

Intravitreal injections are used primarily to treat a variety of eye conditions that cause vision loss. This includes age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusions.

Anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) drugs are one common group of medications used in these injections. These help reduce abnormal blood vessel growth and fluid leakage in the eye. Steroids may also be injected to manage inflammation in specific eye diseases.

Patients often feel relieved knowing these injections can significantly improve their vision or prevent further deterioration. This proactive treatment option helps them regain control over their eyesight and daily activities.

Benefits of Intravitreal Injections

One of the most significant Intravitreal injection benefits is the quick delivery of high medication concentrations directly to the affected area. This localised approach often leads to faster and more effective results.

Patients frequently experience reduced swelling and improved vision shortly after treatment. These injections can help prevent further vision loss. 

Managing vision issues can be overwhelming. Intravitreal injections not only provide a medical solution but also enhance overall quality of life. 

Conditions Treated with Intravitreal Injections

Intravitreal injections are employed to treat several serious eye conditions. They are most commonly used for the following.

• Age-related macular Degeneration (AMD): This condition causes the macula to degenerate. The macula is the oval-shaped area at the back of the eye that is responsible for clear and central vision. Intravitreal injections can help slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration. 
• Diabetic Retinopathy: High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision problems. Intravitreal injections can reduce swelling and prevent vision loss.
• Retinal Vein Occlusion: This occurs when blood flow is blocked in a vein in the retina, causing fluid leak. The injections help treat the resulting swelling.
• Macular Edema: This condition involves fluid accumulation in the macula, causing blurred vision. Intravitreal injections can alleviate symptoms and restore clarity.

The Intravitreal Injection Procedure

The intravitreal injection procedure is relatively straightforward but requires precision.

It usually begins with the patient sitting comfortably in a reclined chair. The doctor administers anaesthesia to numb the area. This helps ensure that the patient feels minimal discomfort during the injection.

Once the eye is numb, the doctor cleans it and the surrounding area with an antiseptic solution. This step is crucial to prevent infections. An eyelid speculum is often used to keep the eyelids open so the doctor can access the eye.

The injection site is typically the white part of the eye. The doctor will ask the patient to look in a specific direction to expose the area for injection. Using a very fine needle, the medication is delivered directly into the vitreous cavity.

The entire procedure takes about 10 to 15 minutes. Afterwards, the doctor may apply a patch over the eye for a short period. Patients are usually advised to rest and avoid strenuous activities for the rest of the day.

Aftercare Following Intravitreal Injections

Proper aftercare is essential to ensure a smooth recovery. Patients are typically advised to rest for the remainder of the day to allow their eyes to recover from the procedure.

It’s important to avoid any activities that may expose the eye to dirt or water. Patients should also refrain from rubbing or touching the eye to prevent irritation or infection.

Most doctors recommend using prescribed eye drops to help reduce inflammation and prevent infection. Patients should follow the prescribed dosage strictly to ensure effective healing.

If any unusual symptoms arise, such as increased pain, significant redness, or changes in vision, patients should contact their eye care specialist immediately. Nethradhama Super Specialty Eye Hospital can provide personalised aftercare instructions and support during recovery.

Risks and Side Effects of Intravitreal Injections

While intravitreal injections are generally safe, like any medical procedure, they come with certain risks and potential side effects. Some patients may experience mild discomfort or a sensation of pressure during and after the injection.

Common side effects include temporary floaters. These are tiny spots or lines that drift across the field of vision. In rare cases, patients may experience bleeding in the eye or increased intraocular pressure, which may require further monitoring.

Infections, although very rare, can occur. It can lead to serious complications such as endophthalmitis, an inflammation of the interior of the eye. It’s crucial for patients to be aware of these risks and to report any sudden changes in vision, pain, or swelling to their healthcare provider promptly.

Conclusion

Intravitreal injections are a powerful tool in treating various retinal conditions, offering hope for improved vision and quality of life. Understanding the procedure, benefits, and aftercare can help ease any anxiety surrounding treatment. 

For patients navigating vision challenges, these injections can significantly impact their journey towards better eyesight. Regular follow-ups and open communication with healthcare providers, like those at Nethradhama Super Specialty Eye Hospital, ensure patients receive the best care possible.

With proper management and support, individuals can look forward to a clearer vision and a brighter future.